Variability in Body Fat Measurements

Abstract

<p>Background: Obesity is taking on epidemic proportions worldwide and comes with many health consequences such as coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, and respiratory problems. Obesity can decrease life span by 24 years (BMI 30-35 kg/m2) and 8-10 years (BMI 40-45 kg/m2) mostly because of vascular disease. Obesity also contributes to economic costs through medical expenses approximating $78.5 million dollars. The causes of obesity are believed to be linked to genetics and/or environmental factors. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find the most convenient and best inexpensive indicator of measuring body fat for individual body types by comparing common measurements to the gold standard air displacement plethysmography (Bod Pod). Methods: Skinfold measurements are taken at nine locations: suprailiac, abdominal, tricep, bicep, chest, midaxillary, subscapula, thigh, and calf. Other measurements include upper body bioelectrical impedance, waist and hip circumference, and air displacement plethysmography. BMI and waist to hip ratio will be calculated for comparisons as well. Results: Preliminary data indicates that the female 3-site skinfold equation (Bd =1.0897330.0009245(sum of SKF)+0.0000025(sum of SKF)2-0.0000979(age)) including only triceps, suprailiac, and abdominal skinfold sites is an accurate measurement for overweight men and normal weight women. We suggest that current male skinfold equations severely underestimate body fat in overweight men, making female equations more accurate for this group. Preliminary data also indicate that bioelectrical impedance severely underestimates body fat percentage for women, especially those who are at normal weight or who are underweight.</p><p>This presentation occurred at the Wright State University Campus-Wide Celebration of Research, Scholarship and Creative Activities on April 16, 2010</p>